Office of Minority Health

Individual Level

Stages of Change Model

Individual’s readiness to change or attempt to change toward healthy behaviors

• Pre-contemplation
• Contemplation
• Decision/determination
• Action
• Maintenance

Health Belief Model

Persons’ perception of the threat of a health problem and the appraisal of recommended behavior(s) for preventing or managing the problem

• Perceived susceptibility
• Perceived severity
• Perceived benefits of action
• Perceived barriers to action
• Cues to action
• Self-efficacy

Theory of Reasoned Action and Planned Behavior

Interpersonal Level

Social Learning Theory

Behavior is explained vial a 3-way, dynamic reciprocal theory in which personal factors, environmental influences and behavior continually interact

• Behavioral capability
• Reciprocal
• Determinism
• Expectations Self-efficacy

Community Level

Community Organization Theories

Emphasizes active participation and development of communities that can better evaluate and solve health and social problems

• Empowerment
• Community Competence
• Participation and relevance
• Issues selection
• Critical consciousness

Organizational Change Theory

Concerns processes and strategies for increasing the chances that health policies and programs will adopt and be maintained in formal organizations.

• Problem definitions
  (awareness stage)
• Initiation of action
  (adoption stage)
• Implementation of Change
• Institutionalization of Change

Diffusion of Innovation Theory

Natural Helper Models